BIO- AND E-FUELS

Why

WHY BIOFUELS ARE IMPORTANT
  • BIOFUELS ARE 2 UPTO 10 TIMES LESS EXPENSIVE THAN E-FUELS IN THE NEXT 30 YEARS
    www.arenared.nl/downloads/berenschot-bio-10-times-less-expansive-than-E
  • BIOFUELS ARE INFINITE, THIS IN OPPOSITION OF FOSSIL FUELS
  • BIOFUELS REPLACE 100% FOSSIL CO2, THIS WAY THE PARIS AGREEMENT IS MET 100%
  • BIOFUELS ARE CLOSEST TO NATURE, ETHANOL CAN BE DRUNK BY MANKIND
  • BIOFUELS CAN BE MADE LOCALLY ANYWHERE, ENABELING WORLDWIDE WELLBEING
  • THE ABOVE REASONS MAKE THAT BIOFUELS DESERVE TO BE OUR FIRST CHOICE.

SOURCES OF BIOFUELS

BIOGAS, ETHANOL AND BIOMETHANOL CAN BE MADE FROM BIOMASS LIKE; SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY, AGRICULTURAL WASTE, GRASS, ALGEA, SEAWEED, WASTE WOOD AND MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE. THE AVAILABILITY BY NATURE IS 200 TIMES LARGER THAN OUR ENTIRE CONSUMPTION OF FOSSIL FUELS, TOGETHER GAS, OIL AND COAL. THIS BOTH CALCULATED ON THE SAME TIME BASE, YEARLY FOR EXAMPLE AS SHOWN WITH THE CUBICS.

SOURCES OF E-FUELS, HYDROGEN

SUN, WIND, HYDRO ETC. GENERATE ELECTRICITY, THE ELECTRICITY CAN BE CONVERTED TO HYDROGEN. HYDROGEN WHEN MADE BY THE SOURCES MENTIONED IS CALLED AN E-FUEL, WITH THE ‘E’ FROM ELECTRICITY WHICH IS THE SOURCE. HYDROGEN CAN ALSO BE MADE FROM NATURAL GAS. THEN THIS IS NOT AN E-FUEL BUT THEN THIS HYDROGEN HAS TO BE SEEN AS A FOSSIL FUEL. 99% OF THE HYDROGEN IN THE WORD IS MADE TODAY FROM NATURAL GAS.

PRODUCTION OF FLUID E-FUELS, FLUED HYDROGEN

HYDROGEN CAN BE CONVERTED TO METHANOL BY TAKING CO2 FROM THE AIR AND PUTTING THESE TWO SOURCES TOGETHER IN A METHANOL FACTORY. THIS WAY THE HYDROGEN CAN BE USED FOR MOBILITY IN THE BEST WAY, LOOKING AT SAFETY, ENVIRONMENT AND COST.

SUCCESFULL EXAMPLES OF BIOMASS

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

ONLY A TENTH OF THE DUTCH MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) IS ENOUGH TO FEED THIS BIOMETHANOL PLANT. THE ENERGY THAT IS RECOVERED THIS WAY IS 20 TIMES LARGER THAN IN CASE THAT SAME AMOUNT OF MSW IS INSINERATED IN ORDER TO GET RID OFF OUR WASTE LIKE WE DO TODAY.
SEE https://enerkem.com/

SUGAR BEET

SUGAR BEET FOR CHEMISTRY AND FUELS CREATES WITHOUT COMPROMISE A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE THAT CAN LAST FOREVER. ECONOMICALLY, ENVIRONMENTALLY, FROM A FOOD PRODUCTION PERSPECTIVE AND LOCAL WELL-BEING, EVEN WHEN USED FOR FUEL AND FROM AN AGRICULTURE PERSPECTIVE. THIS AS STATED IN THE DELOITTE REPORT (2014).
SEE www.arenared.nl/downloads/sugar-beet

FORESTRY

THE COMBINATION OF A FOREST AS BIG AS THE GREAT CANADIAN FOREST AND SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY LIKE THE CANADIANS PRACTICE, IS ABLE TO REPLACE THE ENTIRE WORLDS FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION BY EITHER ETHANOL OR METHANOL OR BOTH.
SEE www.genesyst.com/technology

SEAWEED

A SEAWEED FIELD AS BIG AS MEXICO HAS THE CAPACITY TO REPLACE WORLDS ENTIRE FOSSIL FUEL SUPPLY. MOMENTARY SEAWEED FIELDS ARE BUILD BEFORE THE COASTS OF THE 12.000 ILES OF INDONESIA. INDONESIA IS GOING TO USE THE PROTAINE FOR ALL KIND OF FOOD PRODUCTS AND THE (HEMI) CELLULOSE TO PRODUCE NATURAL GAS AND IF DESIRED METHANOL.
SEE https://seatechinnovation.com/

HURDLES

CO2 TICKETS GIVE TOO MUCH PRICE VARIATIONS TO JUSTIFY THE ABOVE MENTIONED INVESTMENTS. FOSSIL FUELS ARE TOO CHEAP FOR THE CONSUMERS TO CHANGE TO ALTERNATIVE FUELS.

CONCLUSION

  • START WITH LNG/LPG/PROPANE RUNNING RCCI TO EARN BACK THE INVESTMENT IN A QUICK (< 2 YEARS) AND SECURE WAY.
  • PICKUP THE CHEAPEST 100% CO2 NEUTRAL CHANCE YOU CAN GET AS SOON AS POSSIBLE (ETHANOL).
  • USE METHANOL WHENEVER THAT’S CHEAPER TO USE.

LPG / PROPANE

TOGETHER WITH ARENARED RCCI, LPG PROVIDES A CO2 SAVING OF 27%. LPG HAS BEEN FOLLOWING THE DIESEL PRICE AS A WASTE PRODUCT OF DIESEL REFINING FOR 20 YEARS WITH A DELTA OF AT LEAST 25%. THIS PROVIDES CERTAINTY ON THE PAYBACK CAPACITY. THE INSTALLATION PAYS FOR ITSELF QUICKLY. LPG IS MOMENTARY THE CHEAPEST FUEL AVAILABLE. LPG IS THEREFORE THE ENABLER FOR A QUICK INTRODUCTION OF THE RCCI TECHNOLOGY CREATING OUTLET FOR ANY FUEL ALSO FOSSIL FREE FUELS. THE SAME COUNTS FOR PURE PROPANE. A SCR IS NOT NEEDED WITH LPG / PROPANE. THERE IS NO METHANE SLIP WITH LPG / PROPANE. LPG CAN RUN UP TO 60% POWER IN RCCI MODE WITH A STANDARD CAT 3500. WITH LARGER TURBO’S, RCCI CAN RUN UP TO 100% POWER. ABOVE 60%, ARENARED RUNS WITH LPG IN A STANDARD 3500 CLASSIC DUALFUEL. THIS MEANS THAT LPG CAN BE USED IN ALL WORK POINTS. A LPG TANK IS TESTED FOR CLASS AT 1.5 TIMES THE MAXIMUM PRESSURE, WHICH IS ADJUSTED BY ARENARED AT 8 BAR, THIS MEANS THAT THE TANK MUST BE TESTED AT 12 BAR. A TYPE-C LPG TANK IS ALLOWED TO BE SINGLE-WALLED FOR MARITIME. LPG (RON 104) CONSISTS OF PROPANE (RON 112) AND BUTANE (RON 92). LPG AND PROPANE ARE BOTH EQUALLY EXPENSIVE. THE AVAILABILITY IS SUFFICIENT. IF THE ENTIRE EU INLAND SHIPPING FLEET GOES ON LPG / PROPANE, THE CONSUMPTION THEREOF IS JUST AS MUCH AS ALL DUTCH LPG CARS TOGETHER. IF THE ENTIRE EU INLAND SHIPPING FLEET USES LPG / PROPANE, THE LPG / PROPANE PRICE WILL NOT INCREASE DUE TO THE WORLDWIDE DECLINE OF THE LPG / PROPANE MARKET. WITH ARENARED IT IS POSSIBLE TO CREATE AN ENGINE THAT CAN RUN ON LPG, PROPANE, METHANOL, ETHANOL, PETROL AND AMMONIA, IN A PURE WAY BUT IN CASE A OTHER FUEL IS DESIRED, THE TANK DOES NOT HAVE TO BE EMPTIED FIRST. THIS MAKES THAT ARENARED SAYS THOSE FUELS CAN BE USED FROM 1 TANK IN RANDOM MIX. THESE 6 FUELS CAN BE STORED IN A LPG TANK, NONE OF THESE 6 FUELS WILL EVAPORATE OR VENT.

ETHANOL

100% FOSSIL CO2 IS SAVED WITH ETHANOL. ETHANOL HAS A HIGH AVAILABILITY OUTSIDE THE FOOD CHAIN, NATURE CAN SUPPLY 200 TIMES OUR ENTIRE GLOBAL ENERGY REQUIREMENT OUTSIDE THE FOOD CHAIN. ETHANOL MOVES AROUND THE DIESEL PRICE FROM 20% CHEAPER THAN DIESEL TO TWICE AS EXPENSIVE AS DIESEL. ETHANOL IS APPROXIMATELY 2 TO 10 TIMES CHEAPER THAN HYDROGEN IN THE NEXT 30 YEARS. (www.arenared.nl/downloads/berenschot) YOU CAN RUN AT 100% POWER WITH ETHANOL (RON 109). TO REPLACE 1 LITER DIESEL 1,7 LITERS OF ETHANOL IS NEEDED FOR THE SAME JOULES, HOWEVER 10% LESS FUEL IS NEEDED DUE TO THE HIGH EFFICIENCY GAINED BY RCCI. VERY INTERESTING TO USE IN COMBINATION WITH ARENARED RCCI IS AZEOTROPIC ETHANOL. AZEOTROPIC MEANS DESTILATED ONE TIME AND THE 5% MOISTURE THAT IS THEN STILL IN IS NOT TAKEN OUT, THIS IS A FUEL PRODUCTION COSTPRICE SAVING OF € 0,05 PER LITER. THE 5% MOISTURE WILL IMPROVE EFFICIENCY OF THE ENGINE. THIS OPTIMISATION APPEARS UP TO 10% MOISTURE. AFTER THAT THE EFFICIENCY DECLINES. A MAX OF 30% MOISTURE IS ALLOWED. MOISTURE WILL ALSO ALLOW THE ENGINE TO RUN MORE POWER IF NEEDED AND REDUCE NOX EMISSIONS. THE USE OF ALCOHOLS REDUCES THE EMISSIONS EVEN FURTHER BECAUSE OF THE ADDITIONAL OXYGEN IN THE MOLECULE.

METHANOL

METHANOL CAN BE MADE FROM NATURAL GAS AND CO2 OR FROM HYDROGEN AND CO2. METHANOL CAN ALSO BE MADE FROM BIOGAS. METHANOL LOOKS LIKE WATER. A FUEL TANK FOR 1 M3 DIESEL CAN BE REPLACED BY 2.3 M3 METHANOL IN ORDER TO STORE THE SAME AMOUNT OF JOULES. WITH METHANOL IT IS POSSIBLE TO GO TO 100% POWER (RON 110). THE METHANOL PRICE HAS VARIED AROUND THE DIESEL PRICE WITH PLUS MINUS 40% AND WAS AVERAGE OVER THE LAST 10 YEARS 10% CHEAPER THAN DIESEL WHITHOUT EXCISE. THE ARENARED RCCI SYSTEMS ALLOWS TO MIX RANDOMLY; METHANOL, ETHANOL, AZEOTROPIC ETHANOL, E85, E10, GASOLINES, ETC. ARENARED HAS A CLASS (LLOYDS REGISTER) APPROVED DOUBLE-WALLED FUEL SYSTEM INCLUDING ARENARED DOUBLE-WALLED FUEL INJECTORS, ELIMINATING THE NEED FOR ADDITIONAL ENGINE ROOM VENTILATION.

BIOLNG

BIO LIQUEFIED ‘NATURAL’ GAS, CH4, LIQUID AT -1630 C, THE AVAILABILITY OF BIOGAS IS INFINITE, GAS CAN EASILY BE MADE FROM BIOMASS. THE LNG TANK CAN ALSO HOLD LPG, ETHANOL AND METHANOL. LNG IS TYPICALLY 20% CHEAPER THAN DIESEL. WITH LNG 110% POWER CAN BE DELIVERED IN A DIESEL ENGINE BECAUSE THE OCTANE NUMBER OF LNG IS HIGH (RON 120). A FUEL TANK FOR 1 M3 DIESEL, CAN BE REPLACED BY 1.8 M3 LNG OR 5 M3 CNG IN ORDER TO STORE THE SAME AMOUNT OF JOULES HOWEVER 10% LESS FUEL IS NEEDED DUE TO THE HIGH EFFICIENCY GAINED BY RCCI. ARENARED IS EXPERIENCED WITH THE USE OF LIQUEDFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) AS MAIN FUEL. ARENARED HAS A CLASS (LLOYDS REGISTER) APPROVED DOUBLE-WALLED FUEL SYSTEM INCLUDING ARENARED DOUBLE-WALLED FUEL INJECTORS, ELIMINATING THE NEED FOR ADDITIONAL ENGINE ROOM VENTILATION. THE FIRST ARENARED RCCI FIELD APPLICATION IS REALISED WITH LNG. SEE http://deenshipping.com/argonon/.

BIOCNG

COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG), 200 BAR REGULAR, 350 BAR EXCEPTIONAL, 700 BAR EXTREME. WHEN BIOLNG IS VAPORISED IT’S THE SAME AS BIOCNG. CNG DOES NOT VENT AND IS THEREFORE INTERESTING FOR PERSONAL CARS.

HYDROGEN

HYDROGEN CAN BE MADE BY PUTTING ELECTRICITY ON WATER. THERFORE HYDROGEN CAN BE MADE BY SOLAR AND WIND POWER. HYDROGEN DOES NOT HAVE A C IN ITS ELEMENT AND DOES THEREFORE NOT GIVE CO2 FROM THE EXHAUST. HYDROGEN AND (BIO)CNG CAN BE MIXED IN ONE TANK AND USED IN THE ARENARED ENGINE IN RANDOM MIX. THIS FURTHER DECREASES DEPENDENCY ON FUEL AVAILABILITY. HYDROGEN CAN EASILY BE STORED TOGETHER WITH CO2 IN METHANOL. WHEN HYDROGEN FOR MOBILITY IS DISIRED THAN HYDROGEN IN THE FORM OF METHANOL GIVES THE WINNING BUSINESCASE FOR THE WHOLE CHAIN UNLESS LEGISLATION DOES NOT ALLOW THAT CO2 IS BORROWED FOR A SHORT TIME FROM THE AIR. THIS IS THE CASE WHEN LEGISLATION LOOKS AT TANK TO WHEEL IN STEAD OF WHELL TO WHEEL. THIS IS THE WINNING SOLUTION FOR USING HYDROGEN IN MOBILITY AS AN E-FUEL. THE ADVANTAGES WITH METHANOL IN STEAD OF HYDROGEN ARE: CHEAPEST FUELING/BUNKERING, NOT HAVING TO PUMP UP 350BAR AGAIN, CHEAPEST STORAGE, NO 350 BAR TANKS NEEDED, SAFEST - NO PRESSURE. IN THE ARENARED RCCI ENGINE IT DOES NOT MATTER WHICH FUEL OR HOW PURE THE FUEL IS. 1 LITER OF METHANOL CONTAINS 4,6 TIMES MORE ENGERGY THAN 1 LITER OF HYDROGEN AT 350 BAR. A 400 KM ACTION RADIUS CITYBUS FUELTANK FOR METHANOL COST € 600 WHILE 350 BAR HYDROGEN IN THE SAME CASE COST € 60.000, 100 TIMES MORE. THEREFORE IT IS RECOMMENDED TO SEE METHANOL AS THE HYDROGEN CARRIER FOR MOBILITY.